[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":299},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-grande-alose":3,"species-related-168":106,"species-products-168":297},{"data":4},{"id":5,"commonName":6,"scientificName":7,"slug":8,"description":9,"shortDescription":10,"averageLengthCm":11,"maxLengthCm":12,"averageWeightKg":13,"maxWeightKg":14,"habitats":15,"diet":22,"behavior":29,"spawningMonths":30,"distribution":34,"conservationStatus":35,"isInvasive":36,"isProtected":37,"metaTitle":38,"metaDescription":39,"aliases":40,"externalLinks":46,"createdAt":53,"updatedAt":53,"family":54,"waterType":54,"dietType":54,"activityPattern":54,"lifespanYearsMin":54,"lifespanYearsMax":54,"maturityAgeYearsMin":54,"maturityAgeYearsMax":54,"depthMinM":54,"depthMaxM":54,"optimalDepthMinM":54,"optimalDepthMaxM":54,"idealTemperatureC":54,"temperatureMinC":54,"temperatureMaxC":54,"peakMonths":54,"bestHours":54,"identification":54,"depthBySeason":54,"techniques":54,"recordWeightKg":54,"recordLengthCm":54,"recordLocation":54,"recordYear":54,"linkedTutorialIds":54,"regulations":55,"images":93},168,"Grande alose","Alosa alosa","grande-alose","\u003Ch2>Présentation générale de la Grande alose\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>La \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> (\u003Cem>Alosa alosa\u003C/em>) est un poisson migrateur amphihalin de la famille des Clupéidés, proche parente du hareng et de la sardine. Cette espèce emblématique des estuaires français effectue des migrations spectaculaires entre la mer et les rivières pour se reproduire. Autrefois très abondante dans les cours d'eau européens, la \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> fait aujourd'hui l'objet de programmes de conservation en raison du déclin dramatique de ses populations.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>Morphologie et identification\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>La \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> présente un corps fusiforme et comprimé latéralement, typique des Clupéidés. Elle se distingue de sa cousine l'alose feinte par sa taille plus importante et quelques caractères morphologiques spécifiques. Le dos est bleu-vert métallique, les flancs argentés brillants et le ventre blanc nacré. Une série d'écailles modifiées forme une carène ventrale dentelée caractéristique.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>La tête représente environ un quart de la longueur totale, avec une bouche terminale de taille moyenne. Les yeux sont relativement grands, adaptés à la vie en milieu marin. Les nageoires sont translucides à grisâtres, la caudale étant profondément échancrée.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>Habitat et distribution\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>La \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> fréquente les eaux côtières de l'Atlantique Nord-Est et de la Méditerranée occidentale. En France, elle remonte principalement la Loire, la Garonne, la Dordogne, l'Adour et quelques fleuves côtiers bretons et normands. Les adultes vivent en mer sur le plateau continental, généralement entre 20 et 100 mètres de profondeur.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Durant la période de reproduction, les \u003Cstrong>Grandes aloses\u003C/strong> remontent les cours d'eau sur des distances considérables, pouvant atteindre plusieurs centaines de kilomètres. Elles recherchent des zones de frayères aux eaux courantes, sur des fonds de graviers et de galets, à des températures comprises entre 15 et 20°C.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>Alimentation\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>En mer, la \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> adopte un régime alimentaire planctonophage, filtrant copépodes, mysidacés et autres crustacés planctoniques grâce à ses branchiospines développées. Les juvéniles complètent ce régime avec de petites larves d'invertébrés et des diatomées.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Particularité remarquable : durant la montaison reproductive, les adultes cessent pratiquement de s'alimenter, mobilisant leurs réserves lipidiques accumulées en mer. Ce jeûne prolongé contribue à l'affaiblissement des géniteurs après la reproduction.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>Reproduction\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>La reproduction de la \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> constitue un spectacle naturel fascinant qui se déroule de mai à juillet selon les bassins versants. Les géniteurs atteignent la maturité sexuelle entre 4 et 7 ans, mesurant alors 45 à 60 centimètres.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>La ponte s'effectue en surface, généralement au crépuscule et durant la nuit, dans des zones de courant modéré. Les femelles libèrent entre 100 000 et 200 000 œufs pélagiques qui dérivent avec le courant. L'éclosion intervient après 4 à 8 jours selon la température de l'eau.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>Techniques de pêche\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>La pêche de la \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> relève d'une longue tradition sur les grands fleuves français. La technique la plus pratiquée reste la pêche au coup avec des lignes légères, en ciblant les postes de repos des aloses en montaison.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Les leurres de type cuiller ou devon de petite taille donnent également de bons résultats, notamment en pêche à la volée dans les courants. Certains pêcheurs utilisent des mouches artificielles colorées, technique particulièrement efficace lors des « boulles » nocturnes.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>La pêche aux filets traditionnels (araignées, guidants) reste pratiquée de manière encadrée sur certains secteurs, perpétuant un patrimoine halieutique séculaire.\u003C/p>\u003Ch2>Conservation et enjeux\u003C/h2>\u003Cp>La \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> fait face à de nombreuses menaces : fragmentation des cours d'eau par les barrages, pollution, surpêche historique et changements climatiques. Des programmes de restauration sont en cours sur la Loire et la Garonne, incluant la construction de passes à poissons et le repeuplement artificiel.\u003C/p>","Poisson migrateur emblématique remontant les fleuves français pour se reproduire, en forte régression.",55,70,"1.50","3.50",[16,17,18,19,20,21],"Estuaires","Cours d'eau moyens","Zones de courant","Frayères graveleuses","Eaux côtières","Fosses profondes",[23,24,25,26,27,28],"Copépodes","Mysidacés","Zooplancton","Amphipodes","Larves d'invertébrés","Diatomées","\u003Cp>La \u003Cstrong>Grande alose\u003C/strong> présente un comportement migratoire complexe, alternant entre vie marine pélagique et remontées reproductrices en eau douce. En mer, elle forme des bancs importants évoluant près des côtes, suivant les mouvements du plancton.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Durant la montaison printanière, les aloses montrent une activité essentiellement \u003Cstrong>crépusculaire et nocturne\u003C/strong>, se reposant dans les fosses profondes durant la journée. Les \u003Cem>fameuses « boulles »\u003C/em> nocturnes, où les poissons sautent hors de l'eau lors de la reproduction, constituent un phénomène spectaculaire observé de mai à juillet selon les bassins versants.\u003C/p>",[31,32,33],"may","jun","jul","Atlantique Nord-Est, Méditerranée occidentale. En France : Loire, Garonne, Dordogne, Adour, fleuves bretons et normands","LC (Préoccupation mineure)",0,1,"Grande alose - Guide complet | Fishing Grid","Découvrez la Grande alose : morphologie, habitat, techniques de pêche, réglementation. Guide complet sur ce poisson migrateur emblématique.",[41,42,43,44,45],"Alose vraie","Alose mère","Grande aloze","Allis shad","Alosa",[47,50],{"url":48,"label":49},"https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Alosa-alosa.html","Fiche FishBase",{"url":51,"label":52},"https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/66281","Fiche INPN","2026-02-02T17:50:09.000+00:00",null,[56,68,79,85],{"id":57,"region":58,"regionCode":59,"minSizeCm":60,"maxSizeCm":54,"closedSeasonStart":61,"closedSeasonEnd":62,"isCatchAndRelease":36,"dailyQuota":63,"allowedTechniques":64,"prohibitedBaits":54,"nightFishingAllowed":37,"notes":66,"isActive":67},726,"Gironde","FR-33",30,"2025-05-01T00:00:00.000+00:00","2025-07-31T00:00:00.000+00:00",2,[65],"Pêche à la ligne","\u003Cp>Quotas réduits sur la Garonne et la Dordogne\u003C/p>",false,{"id":69,"region":70,"regionCode":71,"minSizeCm":60,"maxSizeCm":54,"closedSeasonStart":72,"closedSeasonEnd":73,"isCatchAndRelease":36,"dailyQuota":63,"allowedTechniques":74,"prohibitedBaits":76,"nightFishingAllowed":37,"notes":78,"isActive":67},725,"Loire-Atlantique","FR-44","2025-04-15T00:00:00.000+00:00","2025-07-15T00:00:00.000+00:00",[65,75],"Pêche au coup",[77],"Vers de vase en période de frai","\u003Cp>Réglementation renforcée sur la Loire estuarienne\u003C/p>",{"id":80,"region":81,"regionCode":82,"minSizeCm":60,"maxSizeCm":54,"closedSeasonStart":61,"closedSeasonEnd":73,"isCatchAndRelease":37,"dailyQuota":36,"allowedTechniques":83,"prohibitedBaits":54,"nightFishingAllowed":36,"notes":84,"isActive":67},727,"Pyrénées-Atlantiques","FR-64",[65],"\u003Cp>No-kill obligatoire sur l'Adour pour favoriser la reproduction\u003C/p>",{"id":86,"region":87,"regionCode":88,"minSizeCm":60,"maxSizeCm":54,"closedSeasonStart":72,"closedSeasonEnd":62,"isCatchAndRelease":36,"dailyQuota":89,"allowedTechniques":90,"prohibitedBaits":54,"nightFishingAllowed":37,"notes":92,"isActive":67},724,"France (national)","FR-national",3,[65,91],"Pêche au lancer","\u003Cp>Espèce protégée, pêche réglementée pendant la montaison reproductive\u003C/p>",[94],{"id":95,"cloudId":96,"provider":97,"originalUrl":98,"variants":99,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":5,"createdAt":105,"updatedAt":105},709,"8eb9dbb9-9cf6-4b52-f22b-49fef28e9b00","cloudflare","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/8eb9dbb9-9cf6-4b52-f22b-49fef28e9b00/public",{"large":100,"small":101,"medium":102,"public":98,"xlarge":103},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/8eb9dbb9-9cf6-4b52-f22b-49fef28e9b00/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/8eb9dbb9-9cf6-4b52-f22b-49fef28e9b00/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/8eb9dbb9-9cf6-4b52-f22b-49fef28e9b00/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/8eb9dbb9-9cf6-4b52-f22b-49fef28e9b00/xlarge","Species","2026-02-28T22:46:40.000+00:00",{"data":107},[108,133,158,182,207,229,252,275],{"id":109,"commonName":110,"scientificName":111,"slug":112,"shortDescription":113,"maxLengthCm":114,"maxWeightKg":115,"habitats":116,"isProtected":37,"isInvasive":36,"images":122},75,"Lamproie fluviatile","Lampetra fluviatilis","lamproie-fluviatile","Espèce migratrice fascinante sans mâchoires, à la bouche en ventouse caractéristique, vivant entre eau douce et mer.",50,"0.30",[117,16,118,119,120,121],"Rivières de plaine","Zones côtières marines","Gravières","Sédiments vaseux","Passes à poissons",[123],{"id":124,"cloudId":125,"provider":97,"originalUrl":126,"variants":127,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":109,"createdAt":132,"updatedAt":132},663,"58b59368-eae5-479b-3f31-7a83368b8400","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/58b59368-eae5-479b-3f31-7a83368b8400/public",{"large":128,"small":129,"medium":130,"public":126,"xlarge":131},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/58b59368-eae5-479b-3f31-7a83368b8400/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/58b59368-eae5-479b-3f31-7a83368b8400/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/58b59368-eae5-479b-3f31-7a83368b8400/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/58b59368-eae5-479b-3f31-7a83368b8400/xlarge","2026-02-28T11:59:03.000+00:00",{"id":134,"commonName":135,"scientificName":136,"slug":137,"shortDescription":138,"maxLengthCm":139,"maxWeightKg":140,"habitats":141,"isProtected":37,"isInvasive":36,"images":147},160,"Esturgeon européen","Acipenser sturio","esturgeon-europeen","Poisson migrateur primitif en danger critique d'extinction, autrefois commun dans les fleuves français.",350,"315.00",[16,142,143,144,145,146],"Eaux côtières peu profondes","Cours d'eau pour la reproduction","Fonds sableux et vaseux","Plateaux continentaux","Embouchures de fleuves",[148],{"id":149,"cloudId":150,"provider":97,"originalUrl":151,"variants":152,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":134,"createdAt":157,"updatedAt":157},785,"5fd32841-8eb1-44f7-7ab6-ba92c61ed300","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/5fd32841-8eb1-44f7-7ab6-ba92c61ed300/public",{"large":153,"small":154,"medium":155,"public":151,"xlarge":156},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/5fd32841-8eb1-44f7-7ab6-ba92c61ed300/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/5fd32841-8eb1-44f7-7ab6-ba92c61ed300/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/5fd32841-8eb1-44f7-7ab6-ba92c61ed300/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/5fd32841-8eb1-44f7-7ab6-ba92c61ed300/xlarge","2026-02-28T23:01:50.000+00:00",{"id":159,"commonName":160,"scientificName":161,"slug":162,"shortDescription":163,"maxLengthCm":164,"maxWeightKg":165,"habitats":166,"isProtected":37,"isInvasive":36,"images":171},174,"Lamproie marine","Petromyzon marinus","lamproie-marine","Poisson primitif anadrome à la morphologie unique, reconnaissable à sa bouche en ventouse et ses sept ouvertures branchiales circulaires.",120,"2.50",[16,167,168,169,170,146],"Cours d'eau à fond graveleux","Eaux côtières marines","Zones de frayères en eau douce","Sédiments fins (phase larvaire)",[172],{"id":173,"cloudId":174,"provider":97,"originalUrl":175,"variants":176,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":159,"createdAt":181,"updatedAt":181},664,"57f72b2b-0493-47e5-e5bf-b524fdd7e500","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/57f72b2b-0493-47e5-e5bf-b524fdd7e500/public",{"large":177,"small":178,"medium":179,"public":175,"xlarge":180},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/57f72b2b-0493-47e5-e5bf-b524fdd7e500/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/57f72b2b-0493-47e5-e5bf-b524fdd7e500/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/57f72b2b-0493-47e5-e5bf-b524fdd7e500/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/57f72b2b-0493-47e5-e5bf-b524fdd7e500/xlarge","2026-02-28T11:59:28.000+00:00",{"id":183,"commonName":184,"scientificName":185,"slug":186,"shortDescription":187,"maxLengthCm":188,"maxWeightKg":189,"habitats":190,"isProtected":37,"isInvasive":36,"images":196},221,"Truite de mer","Salmo trutta trutta","truite-de-mer","Forme migratrice de la truite commune, vivant en mer et remontant en rivière pour se reproduire.",100,"15.00",[191,16,192,193,194,195],"Rivières côtières","Zones côtières rocheuses","Secteurs marins peu profonds","Frayères de graviers","Pools profonds",[197],{"id":198,"cloudId":199,"provider":97,"originalUrl":200,"variants":201,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":183,"createdAt":206,"updatedAt":206},845,"31ab787a-332a-4c7b-b2d6-b0ffcbda4300","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/31ab787a-332a-4c7b-b2d6-b0ffcbda4300/public",{"large":202,"small":203,"medium":204,"public":200,"xlarge":205},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/31ab787a-332a-4c7b-b2d6-b0ffcbda4300/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/31ab787a-332a-4c7b-b2d6-b0ffcbda4300/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/31ab787a-332a-4c7b-b2d6-b0ffcbda4300/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/31ab787a-332a-4c7b-b2d6-b0ffcbda4300/xlarge","2026-03-01T21:35:18.000+00:00",{"id":208,"commonName":209,"scientificName":210,"slug":211,"shortDescription":212,"maxLengthCm":11,"maxWeightKg":213,"habitats":214,"isProtected":36,"isInvasive":36,"images":218},128,"Alose feinte","Alosa fallax","alose-feinte","Poisson migrateur amphihalin des eaux atlantiques et méditerranéennes, proche de l'alose vraie mais de taille plus modeste.","2.00",[16,215,216,19,217],"Cours d'eau côtiers","Zones littorales","Eaux saumâtres",[219],{"id":220,"cloudId":221,"provider":97,"originalUrl":222,"variants":223,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":208,"createdAt":228,"updatedAt":228},362,"37482a3f-52be-47b1-95a6-a6a420f0ce00","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/37482a3f-52be-47b1-95a6-a6a420f0ce00/public",{"large":224,"small":225,"medium":226,"public":222,"xlarge":227},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/37482a3f-52be-47b1-95a6-a6a420f0ce00/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/37482a3f-52be-47b1-95a6-a6a420f0ce00/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/37482a3f-52be-47b1-95a6-a6a420f0ce00/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/37482a3f-52be-47b1-95a6-a6a420f0ce00/xlarge","2026-02-02T20:35:05.000+00:00",{"id":230,"commonName":231,"scientificName":232,"slug":233,"shortDescription":234,"maxLengthCm":235,"maxWeightKg":213,"habitats":236,"isProtected":36,"isInvasive":36,"images":241},147,"Chinchard","Trachurus trachurus","chinchard","Poisson pélagique argenté aux écailles épineuses, formant des bancs denses le long des côtes françaises.",60,[20,237,238,16,239,240],"Plateau continental","Zones pélagiques","Zones de confluence","Bancs de sable",[242],{"id":243,"cloudId":244,"provider":97,"originalUrl":245,"variants":246,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":230,"createdAt":251,"updatedAt":251},791,"c47de983-a0b8-4cc3-20f6-2d07dd245f00","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/c47de983-a0b8-4cc3-20f6-2d07dd245f00/public",{"large":247,"small":248,"medium":249,"public":245,"xlarge":250},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/c47de983-a0b8-4cc3-20f6-2d07dd245f00/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/c47de983-a0b8-4cc3-20f6-2d07dd245f00/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/c47de983-a0b8-4cc3-20f6-2d07dd245f00/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/c47de983-a0b8-4cc3-20f6-2d07dd245f00/xlarge","2026-02-28T23:03:11.000+00:00",{"id":253,"commonName":254,"scientificName":255,"slug":256,"shortDescription":257,"maxLengthCm":235,"maxWeightKg":258,"habitats":259,"isProtected":36,"isInvasive":36,"images":264},156,"Dorade grise","Spondyliosoma cantharus","dorade-grise","Sparidé côtier gris argenté, apprécié pour sa chair délicate et sa pêche sportive accessible depuis le bord ou en bateau.","3.20",[260,261,262,263,16,145],"Fonds rocheux","Herbiers","Épaves","Zones portuaires",[265],{"id":266,"cloudId":267,"provider":97,"originalUrl":268,"variants":269,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":253,"createdAt":274,"updatedAt":274},393,"81b2c6be-f847-4b2c-b633-eb857f3b8900","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/81b2c6be-f847-4b2c-b633-eb857f3b8900/public",{"large":270,"small":271,"medium":272,"public":268,"xlarge":273},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/81b2c6be-f847-4b2c-b633-eb857f3b8900/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/81b2c6be-f847-4b2c-b633-eb857f3b8900/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/81b2c6be-f847-4b2c-b633-eb857f3b8900/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/81b2c6be-f847-4b2c-b633-eb857f3b8900/xlarge","2026-02-24T22:04:35.000+00:00",{"id":276,"commonName":277,"scientificName":278,"slug":279,"shortDescription":280,"maxLengthCm":235,"maxWeightKg":281,"habitats":282,"isProtected":36,"isInvasive":36,"images":286},162,"Flet commun","Platichthys flesus","flet-commun","Poisson plat migrateur des côtes européennes, capable de vivre en eau douce et salée.","3.00",[16,283,284,217,285,215],"Côtes sableuses","Fonds vaseux","Ports et chenaux",[287],{"id":288,"cloudId":289,"provider":97,"originalUrl":290,"variants":291,"imageableType":104,"imageableId":276,"createdAt":296,"updatedAt":296},772,"e9e7a138-0b0a-4bb3-e5e3-1b998e846e00","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/e9e7a138-0b0a-4bb3-e5e3-1b998e846e00/public",{"large":292,"small":293,"medium":294,"public":290,"xlarge":295},"https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/e9e7a138-0b0a-4bb3-e5e3-1b998e846e00/large","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/e9e7a138-0b0a-4bb3-e5e3-1b998e846e00/small","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/e9e7a138-0b0a-4bb3-e5e3-1b998e846e00/medium","https://imagedelivery.net/JwcS14vhks4aPMbMLdtTFA/e9e7a138-0b0a-4bb3-e5e3-1b998e846e00/xlarge","2026-02-28T22:59:10.000+00:00",{"data":298},[],1779300328195]